Supporting Shift Workers: Employer Strategies for Better Sleep Health

Why Employers Should Prioritise Employee Sleep

Investing in sleep health is not just a matter of well-being; it directly impacts workplace safety, productivity, and the overall success of the organisation. Sleep loss and sleep-related disorders have been linked to numerous accidents and catastrophes, including the Chernobyl nuclear explosion, the Exxon Valdez spill, and the Space Shuttle Challenger tragedy. These incidents highlight the critical importance of well-rested employees, particularly in industries where performance and safety are paramount. Beyond safety, ensuring that workers are well-rested can lead to increased productivity, better mental health, fewer sick days, reduced presenteeism, higher job satisfaction, and lower turnover rates.

The Health Ramifications of Shift Work

Working out of sync with our body clock, or regularly shifting our body clock during changes in schedules, has significant health consequences. These include increased risks of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and mental health challenges. Alarmingly, shift workers face a 40-60% greater risk of coronary heart disease compared to those who work regular daytime hours. Sleep deprivation also increases the likelihood of workplace accidents by up to 70%, further underscoring the need for employers to address this issue.

Moreover, recent research has linked long-term shift work, especially night shifts, to an increased risk of cancer. Studies suggest that disruptions to the body's circadian rhythm and decreased melatonin production, along with unhealthier lifestyle choices related to sleep loss, may contribute to this elevated risk. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified night shift work as "probably carcinogenic to humans." This link has been played out in the court room with cases such as that of a French nurse who, after working night shifts for 28 years, successfully had her breast cancer recognised as an occupational disease. Legal precedents in Norway and France, where workers have won lawsuits related to the health impacts of night shifts, further highlight the need for employers to take proactive measures.

Impact on Productivity, Satisfaction, and Retention

The effects of sleep deprivation extend beyond health concerns. Sleep loss affects every aspect of professional life, leading to decreased productivity, reduced concentration, and lower job satisfaction. Nearly 20% of shift workers leave their jobs due to its negative impact, and only about 10% truly thrive under these conditions. 

Tactics for Employers to Optimise Shift Work

Employers have a duty to support their shift workers and improve both their well-being and performance. Here is how:

Rota Design: Implement forward-rotating rota schedules (day > late > night > recovery) to reduce disruptions to the circadian rhythm. This approach makes it easier for workers to adapt to different shifts. Make sure to get rotas out in advance as advanced planning makes sleep optimisation easier. 

Adequate Recovery: Ensure that workers have sufficient recovery time after night shifts. This allows them to reset their sleep patterns and reduces the risk of chronic sleep deprivation.

Education and Training: Provide training on sleep management specific to shift work. Educating employees about the importance of sleep and how to optimise it can lead to better overall health and performance.

Breaks and Rest Zones: Encourage regular breaks during shifts and provide dedicated rest areas. Research shows that even short breaks can boost productivity by 5-12%.

Healthy Eating Options: Offer nutritious meal options for night shift workers. A well-balanced diet can improve energy levels and overall well-being during shifts.

Sleep Consultations: Offer access to sleep specialists, especially for employees who struggle with the demands of rotating shifts. Shift workers are at much higher risk of sleep disorders such as insomnia. Personalised advice can help them manage their sleep more effectively.

Closing Thoughts: Navigating the Complexity of Shift Work

While these strategies offer substantial benefits, it's important to remember that each worker's experience with shift work is unique. Employers should remain flexible and responsive to the needs of their staff. In cases where employees continue to struggle, seeking expert guidance is essential. The Sleep Project, for example, provides resources and advice tailored to shift workers. It's crucial to recognise that sleep is not just a period of rest—it's vital to overall health, safety, and productivity. For many organisations, the key to managing the complexities of shift work lies in a proactive approach that prioritises the sleep health of their employees

References:

NTP Review of Shift Work at Night, Light at Night, and Circadian Disruption.

A Narrative Review of the Carcinogenic Effect of Night Shift and the Potential Protective Role of Melatonin. Cureus. 2023. 

Night Shift Work. International Agency on Research on Cancer. World Health Organisation.

Danish night shift workers with breast cancer awarded compensation. 2009. The BMJ 

French Court Hearing. Nightshifts and Cancer